How to Melt Aluminum Cans at Home

Aluminum is a common and useful metal, known for its corrosion resistance, malleability, and for being lightweight. Its safe enough to be used around food and in contact with skin. Its much easier to recycle this metal than it is to purify it from ores. You can melt old aluminum cans to get molten aluminum. Pour the metal into a suitable mold to make jewelry, cookware, ornaments, sculptures, or for another metalworking project. Its a great introduction to home recycling. Key Takeaways: Melt Aluminum Cans Aluminum is an abundant and versatile metal that is easily recycled.The melting point of aluminum is low enough that it can be melted with a hand-held torch. However, the project goes more quickly using a furnace or kiln.Recycled aluminum can be used to make sculptures, containers, and jewelry. Materials for Melting Aluminum Cans Melting cans is not complicated, but its an adult-only project because high temperatures are involved. Youll want to work in a clean, well-ventilated area. Its not necessary to clean the cans before melting them since organic matter (plastic coating, leftover soda, etc.) will burn off during the process. Aluminum cansSmall furnace of the electric kiln (or another heat source that reaches the appropriate temperature, such as a propane torch)Steel crucible (or other metal with a melting point much higher than aluminum, yet lower than your furnace—could be a sturdy stainless steel bowl or a cast iron skillet)Heat-resistant glovesMetal tongsMolds into which youll pour the aluminum (steel, iron, etc.—be creative) Melting the Aluminum The first step youll want to take is to crush the cans so that you can load as many as possible into the crucible. Youll get about 1 pound of aluminum for every 40 cans. Load your cans into the container youre using as a crucible and place the crucible inside the kiln. Close the lid.Fire up the kiln or furnace to 1220 °F. This is the melting point of aluminum (660.32  °C, 1220.58  °F), but below the melting point of steel. The aluminum will melt almost immediately once it reaches this temperature. Allow half a minute or so at this temperature to assure the aluminum is molten.Put on safety glasses and heat-resistant gloves. You should be wearing a long-sleeve shirt, long pants, and covered toe shoes when working with extremely hot (or cold) materials.Open the kiln. Use tongs to slowly and carefully remove the crucible. Do not place your hand inside the kiln! Its a good idea to line the path from the kiln to the mold with a metal pan or foil, to aid in clean-up of spills.Pour the liquid aluminum into the mold. It will take about 15 minutes for the aluminum to solidify on its own. If desired, you can place the mold in a bucket of cold water after a few minutes. If you do this, use caution, since steam will be produced.There may be some leftover material in your crucible. You can knock the dregs out of the crucible by slapping it upside down onto a hard surface, such as concrete. You can use the same process to knock the aluminum out of the molds. If you have trouble, change the temperature of the mold. The aluminum and mold (which is a different meta) will have a different coefficient of expansion, which you can use to your advantage when freeing one metal from another.Remember to turn off your kiln or furnace when youre done. Recycling doesnt make much sense if youre wasting energy, right? Did You Know? Re-melting aluminum to recycle it is far less expensive and uses less energy than producing new aluminum from the electrolysis of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Recycling uses about 5% of the energy needed to make the metal from its raw ore. About 36% of aluminum in the United States comes from recycled metal. Brazil leads the world in aluminum recycling. The country recycles 98.2% of its aluminum cans. Sources Morris, J. (2005). Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery.  The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10(4), 273–284.Oskamp, S. (1995). Resource conservation and recycling: Behavior and policy. Journal of Social Issues. 51 (4): 157–177. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01353.xSchlesinger, Mark (2006). Aluminum Recycling. CRC Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8493-9662-5.

The History of Algebra - 916 Words

The History of Algebra The history of algebra has been around for several decades, this method of mathematics has been used during the beginning of time. The development of algebraic notation progressed through out three stages: the rhetorical stage, the syncopated stage, and the symbolic stage with which we are use to using in our daily usage of algebra. In ancient civilization math was used to help leaders to strategically form how their troops should be lined up for battle and help decide how to attack their enemies. Algebra was used in the many of these civilizations: Egypt, Babylon, Greece, India, Europe, and most parts of the Middle East. In Egypt, the Egyptians used mathematics which included Algebra to solve equivalent to a†¦show more content†¦They also were able to prove that the quadratic equations have two roots, and included the negative as irrational roots. The Hindus used the astrology and astronomy to help determine directions in which they should live their lives as if it was an almanac. The Hindus used this method of algebraic equations to determine directions, farming, and behavior among their peers. The Arabs in the Middle East helped improve the Hindus number symbols and was able to adopted the same method of algebraic reasoning as the Greeks they reject the negative solutions that the Hindus were using and would solve the quadratic equations by recognizing two solutions, possibly irrational. The algebra of the Arabs in the Middle East was entirely rhetorical and like the Hindus, the Arabs worked freely with irrationals. The Arabs used and improved the Hindus number symbols and the idea of positional notation. These numerals (the Hindu-Arabic system of numeration) which are used throughout the world today, however the Arabs contribution to the methods that are used in algebra is the solution of cubic equations by geometric methods involving the intersection of conics. In the 16th century of the European nations there were great theories about algebra, they rejected the method that negative numbers could be used in an algebraic equation and many of the mathematicians would q uickly accepted zero as a number butShow MoreRelated history of algebra Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pages Unlike geometry, algebra was not developed in Europe. Algebra was actually discovered (or developed) in the Arab countries along side geometry. Many mathematicians worked and developed the system of math to be known as the algebra of today. European countries did not obtain information on algebra until relatively later years of the 12th century. After algebra was discovered in Europe, mathematicians put the information to use in very remarkable ways. Also, algebraic and geometric ways of thinkingRead MoreThe History Of Algebra, How It Started, The Most Study Mathematical Subject Around The World1750 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will show the history of algebra, how it started, and how it grew to be what it is today. It will show that it started it developments from the basic arithmetic operations that first were used to solve simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and how it went incorporating more operations that permitted it to solve problems that involve abstract concepts. It will show that the recorded history begins mostly with the Egyptian papyrus, and how it went passing from one civilizationRead MorePlan-Do-Study-Act (Pdsa): the Deming Cycle906 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents to complete End-of-Course exams at the completion of English 1, Physical Science, U.S. History, and Algebra 1. 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As the reader will notice, the contributions of Islamic mathematicians reached the major branches of mathematics of their era by building upon the work of mathematicians of other cultures and leaving detailed records of their achievements and those of cultures past. Key-Words: - Al-khwarizmi, algebra, Khayyam, Al’Kashi. 1 Introduction Although world history books have documented the period of the Dark Ages inRead MoreEssay Boolean Logic1555 Words   |  7 PagesBoolean Logic Many of our computer databases utilize boolean logic as the basis of querying the database. Boolean logic has a much older history than most computer users imagine. It is helpful to understand the background and theory behind this concept, because this theory is the foundation on which contemporary computer science and information technology has been built. George Boole was an English mathematician. Born in 1815, he had no formal higher education, but had a natural gift for mathematicsRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards982 Words   |  4 Pagesat the Common Core State Standards’ stance on algebra, which is taught in the eighth grade. According to the Common Core, students who take algebra can become familiar with more complex math courses as they progress through school, and will have more knowledge when they enter college. However, the infographic points out that childhood brain development tends to plateau in the eighth grade, which makes it harder to learn and retain new concepts. Algebra at an early age can discourage students and leadRead MoreThe Benefits of a Liberal Arts Education797 Words   |  3 Pagesrelationships and similarities making innovations more attainable. The reason algebra is so conveniently practical in relation to science, for example, is because it was developed as a tool for science. 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What Are Sheet-Molding Compounds (Smc) Bulk-Molding Compounds (Bmc) Free Essays

(5). a) What are sheet-molding compounds (SMC)? Bulk-molding compounds (BMC)? Sheet-molding compound (SMC) is a fiber glass reinforced thermosetting compound in sheet form, usually rolled into coils interleaved with plastic film to prevent auto adhesion. Made by dispensing mixed resin, fillers, maturation agent, catalyst and mold release agent onto two moving sheets of polyethylene film. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Sheet-Molding Compounds (Smc)? Bulk-Molding Compounds (Bmc)? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lower one also contains chopped glass roving or glass mat. SMC can be molded into complex shapes with little scrap. Sheet molding compound (SMC) is fiberglass reinforced composite material, produced in a â€Å"sheet† format Bulk-molding compound (BMC) is a combination of chopped glass strands and  Resin  in the form of a bulk  pre-preg. BMC is suitable for either compression or injection molding. Injection molding of BMC is used to produce complex components such as electrical equipment, car components, housings for electrical appliances and tools, in large industrial volumes. Unlike SMC, it is not necessary to include a maturation stage. Consequently, BMC pre-preg formulations contain higher filler contents. The chopped glass strands vary in length depending on the level of performance required. Reinforcement content generally ranges between 15 and 20 percent; however, it may reach 25 percent for the highest performance. BMC uses lower reinforcement content than SMC and permits higher filler loadings with lower costs. b) List FOUR (4) types of the forms in which reinforcement fibers appear in composite materials? Based on the form of reinforcement, common composite materials can be classified as follows: 1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites) a. Random fiber (short fiber) reinforced composites b. Continuous fiber (long fiber) reinforced composites 2. Particles as the reinforcement (Particulate composites) 3. Flat flakes as the reinforcement (Flake composites) 4. Fillers as the reinforcement (Filler composites) c) Describe the problems involved in recycling products made from reinforced plastics. The main problems are that recycling usually requires the use of a single type of material, and that some plastics (mainly hard and brittle polymers) are more difficult to chop into small pieces for further processing than others. With reinforced plastics, this requires that the reinforcement be separated from the matrix, a very difficult task and uneconomical task. Note that matrices are often thermosets, so it is not practical to melt the matrix and separate the fibers from a molten phase. How to cite What Are Sheet-Molding Compounds (Smc)? Bulk-Molding Compounds (Bmc)?, Papers

Contingent Convertible Capital Structure -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contingent Convertible Capital Structure Decisions? Answer: Introduction Rivett, Australia. The company carries on the activities related to exploration of the mineral resources in Australia. The company primarily explores for the copper, silver, lead, gold, Zinc, Uranium, Platinum, thorium, earth elements and other metal in south Australian auditing South Wales (Capitalmining.com.au 2018). Ownership structure Major substantial shareholders More than 20% shareholding among the shareholders of the company no one is holding greater than 20% shares More than 5% holding of shares HSBC Custody Nominees Australia Ltd falls under the substantial shareholder as out of total shares it holds 80,000,000 shares that is, 5.28% (Capitalmining.com.au 2018). Name of main people Chairman Robert McCauley Board members Peter Torney Non-executive director Anthony Dunlop Non-executive director Peter Dykes Non-executive director Robert McCauley Executive Director James Ellingford Non-executive Director CEO Robert McCauley (Capitalmining.com.au 2018). Key ratios Return on assets (ROA) = (NPAT / Total Assets) Return on Equity (ROE) = (Net profit after tax / Ordinary equity) Debt ratio = Total liabilities / Total assets EBIT/TA * NPAT/EBIT * TA/OE = NPAT/OE EBIT/TA * NPAT/EBIT * TA/OE = -37,36,555/37,70,735 * -37,36,555/-37,36,555* 37,70,735/35,16,843 = -1.06 NPAT/OE = -37,36,555 / 35,16,843 = -1.06 Hence, it can be proved from the above that EBIT/TA * NPAT/EBIT * TA/OE = NPAT/OE Phenomenon of TA/OE It analyses the insolvency risk and leverage level of the company with the help of the total assets as compared to the owners equity. It also present the percentage of asset held by the shareholders of the company. If the ratio goes up it represent that the companys equity portion will go down and debt portion will go up (Scholes 2015). Therefore, the company may reach to unsustainable level as additional debt will increase the interest cost and will deteriorate the financial status of the company. However, various factors on which the ratio depends are industry status, present economic scenario and the assets and liability of the company. Reasons why ROE being higher than ROA The biggest factor that segregates the ROE and ROA is the financial leverage or the debt. The fundamental equation of balance sheet that is (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) represent that if the company has no debt then the total asset will be equal to total equity which in turn will increase the ROE. Apart from that, when debts are available at the rate that is lower than ROA it will increase ROE (Albul, Jaffee and Tchistyi 2015). Therefore, the interest is lower against ROA, will results into higher ROE ASX website information Monthly stock movement 2 years time period Stock movement graph Report on stock movement Looking at the above stocks movement, it is recognized that the stock of Capital Mining Limited before 2 years though started from 0.08, it fell to 0.005 that is almost to zero over the times of 2 years. It has sharp downward moving trend and will be considered as volatile. However, marketing stocks of All Ordinary Stock slowly moving upward and will be considered less volatile as compared to Capital Mining Limited. The correlation among 2 stocks are computed as -0.807. Therefore, the stocks are negatively correlated (Titman, Keown and Martin 2017). Recent announcement The company started the drilling at Scotia Cobalt Nickel Project in the Eastern area of Goldfields of WA. It is expected that the acquisition of the project will increase the share price of the company as the performance of the company will be improved. Peter Torney and Mr. Anthony Dunlop agreed to the termination from their agreement and role. There are 2 risks associated with the stock of Capital Mining Limited. 1st risk is can be diversified through investing in other stock and the 2nd one cannot be diversified as it is the market risk. Stock field Beta of Capital Mining Ltd is 2.41 Risk free rate = Rf = 4%, Market risk premium = Rm = 6% Therefore, required rate of return of the companys share = R = Rf + ( Rm Rf ) R = 4% + 2.41* (6% 4%) = 4% + 4.82% = 8.82% Conservative investment The conservative investment is the investment that gives maximum return with lowest level of risk. Generally, the conservative investors are afraid of risk and do not want to take up higher level of risks. The other type of investors can be moderate, conservative, moderately aggressive and aggressive (Brooks 2015). The type of the investors can be assessed on the basis of their risk taking approaches. From above calculation it can be recognized that the risk association that is the beta of the company is 2.41 which is quite high. Therefore, the stock of the company is not a conservative investment. WACC (weighted average cost of capital) Computation of WACC WACC = E/V * Re +D/V * Rd * (1-Tc), Where, E/V = Equity percentage in the capital structure D/V = Debt percentage in the capital structure Re = Cost of equity Rd = Rate of debt Tc = corporate tax rate It is identified from the annual report of the company that they did not have any borrowing or debt in their capital structure. Therefore, the cost of equity of the company itself will be the WACC (weighted average cost of capital). The calculated cost of equity of the company is 8.82%. Therefore, WACC of Capital Mining Limited will be 8.82% Impact of higher WACC has on management evaluation Higher WACC represents that the stock of the company is associated with higher risk and the investors need more return to absorb the higher level of risk. Another factor represented by the higher WACC is that whether the stock is able to earn more return as compared to the WACC (HA Davis and Lleo 2015). However, the higher WACC is optimized through adjustment of debt component in the capital structure. Further, the higher level of WACC will reduce the value of the company. Optimal debt structure Optimal structure for capital It is the capital structure at which the value of the company is maximized at minimum cost. It can be identified from the above table that the debt ratio of the company for the year 2015 the debt ratio of the company is 73% whereas for 2016 it is 6.7%. Therefore, the debt ratio of the company is significantly high and for 2016 is low as the ratio around 40% is considered as idea (Peirson et al. 2014). Hence, it is suggested that if the company wish to raise additional fund it shall raise through debt and not through equity. Gearing ratio To adjust the gearing ratio the company paid off their obligations and reduced the liabilities from $ 11,91,065 to $ 253,892 over the years from 2015 to 2016. Further, they increased the equity from $ 14,410,056 to $ 21,221,826. However, directors report did not depict anything regarding this. Dividend policy As it can be found from the annual report of the company that the company did not earn any positive income during last 4 years, it did not pay or declare any dividend. Further, the directors did not recommend any dividend for the year ended 2016 (Marx 2013). Recommendation It can be suggested based on the above analysis that if the risk and return aspect of the stock is taken into consideration, the stock shall not be included under the investment portfolio. The reason is that the ROA and ROE both are in negative figures as the company could not earn positive income over last 4 years. Further, stock is involved with higher risk as the beta of the company is 2.41. Further, Reference Albul, B., Jaffee, D.M. and Tchistyi, A., 2015. Contingent convertible bonds and capital structure decisions. Brooks, R., 2015.Financial management: core concepts. Pearson. Capitalmining.com.au., 2018. Home. [online] Available at: https://www.capitalmining.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018]. HA Davis, M. and Lleo, S., 2015.Risk-Sensitive Investment Management. Marx, J. ed., 2013.Investment management. Van Schaik. Peirson, G., Brown, R., Easton, S. and Howard, P., 2014.Business finance. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Scholes, M.S., 2015.Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Titman, S., Keown, A.J. and Martin, J.D., 2017. Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson.